Reference work
Knowledge base
159 topics, ordered by section. Every topic carries a visible verdict on the evidence — including when that verdict is «no evidence».
The evidence scale
How we grade →- Strong evidenceSeveral good studies in the target species (systematic review/meta-analysis or consistent RCTs) point the same way. We are reasonably certain about the effect.
- Reasonable evidenceOne or a few sound studies in the target species, but still limited or not independently replicated. Further research may change the conclusion.
- Weak evidenceOnly small, uncontrolled or indirect studies (e.g. an animal model or extrapolation from humans). Uncertain; treat claims with caution.
- Very weak / anecdotalAlmost entirely anecdotes, tradition or in-vitro work. No reliable basis for an effect in the animal.
- Insufficiently studiedThere is too little or too weak research in the target species to draw a conclusion. Neither proven to work nor disproven.
- No evidence of effectThe available research shows no reliable effect beyond placebo, or a plausible mechanism is missing. Not recommended as a treatment.
Treatment approaches17 pagesHerbal medicine, homeopathy, acupuncture, CBD, TCVM — an honest verdict on the evidence for each approach.
- Homeopathy in animals: does it work? What the evidence saysWhat does the evidence say about homeopathy in dogs, cats and horses? Systematic reviews find no effect beyond placebo. An honest overview.No evidence of effect
- Acupuncture & physiotherapy in animals: evidence reviewAcupuncture and physiotherapy for dogs and horses: what does science say? Honest overview with evidence grading and safety information.Weak evidence
- Aromatherapy & essential oils in animalsAromatherapy in dogs and cats: evidence is lacking, but toxicity risks are well documented.Insufficiently studied
- Bach flower remedies in animals: do they work? (UK)What does science say about Bach flower remedies in animals? Independent, evidence-based explanation of efficacy, proof and safety.No evidence of effect
- CBD (cannabidiol) in animals: evidence and safetyCBD in dogs, cats and horses: what does the evidence say? Independent overview of efficacy, safety and legal framework.Weak evidence
- Chiropractic and manual therapy in animalsChiropractic and manual therapy in dogs and horses: evidence, mechanism of action, safety and contraindications listed.Weak evidence
- Hydrotherapy and rehabilitation in animalsHydrotherapy in dogs: what it is, its indications, and what the evidence says about rehabilitation, osteoarthritis and neurological recovery.Reasonable evidence
- Laser therapy (photobiomodulation) in animalsLaser therapy (photobiomodulation) in dogs and horses: what it is, its uses and what the scientific evidence says.Weak evidence
- Magnet therapy in animals: does it work? (NL context)Magnet therapy for dogs and horses: what it is, uses, and scientific evidence. An honest overview without sales claims.No evidence of effect
- Nutrition & nutraceuticals for sick animalsScientific overview of nutrition and nutraceuticals for sick animals: evidence, safety and limits per application.Strong evidence
- Nutritional therapy: diet as medicine in animalsNutritional therapy in dogs and cats: evidence, applications and safety of therapeutic diets for chronic conditions.Strong evidence
- Ozone therapy in animals: does it work? (Dutch context)Ozone therapy in animals: what it is, uses, and scientific evidence for dogs and horses under Dutch law.Weak evidence
- Phytotherapy (herbs) for animals: does it work? (Grade C)Phytotherapy for animals: an honest overview of the evidence, safety, and legal framework per herb.Weak evidence
- Prebiotics and the microbiome in animalsPrebiotics (FOS, inulin, MOS) in dogs and cats: evidence, mechanism and safe use for better gut health.Reasonable evidence
- PRP and stem cell therapy in animals: evidence reviewPRP and stem cell therapy in animals: what does the evidence say about efficacy and safety in dogs and horses?Reasonable evidence
- Reiki and energy therapy in animalsReiki and energy therapy in animals: what it is, its uses, and what the scientific evidence says.Insufficiently studied
- TCVM: traditional Chinese veterinary medicine for animalsWhat is TCVM in animals, what does the evidence say, and what are the risks? Independent overview of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine.Insufficiently studied
Conditions62 pagesWhat works (and what does not) for osteoarthritis, anxiety, skin problems, bladder disease and other complaints.
- Acute diarrhoea in dogs: probiotics and moreAcute diarrhoea in dogs: evidence for probiotics (grade B), slippery elm and other adjunct options — honestly assessed.Reasonable evidence
- Addison's disease (hypoadrenocorticism) in dogsAddison's disease in dogs: causes, diagnosis, lifelong hormone therapy and an honest assessment of natural supplements.Strong evidence
- Anal gland problems in dogsAnal gland problems in dogs: causes, evidence for fibre and allergy management, when to see a vet.Reasonable evidence
- Anxiety and stress in dogs: natural approachWhat does science say about herbs and CBD for anxiety in dogs? Honest overview of evidence, safety and when to see a vet.Weak evidence
- Bladder infection (cystitis) in the dogBladder infection (cystitis) in dogs: causes, diagnosis and the role of natural and supplementary treatments. Evidence-based overview based on…Strong evidence
- Calcium oxalate bladder stones in catsCalcium oxalate bladder stones in cats: causes, risk factors, dietary measures for recurrence prevention and when to see a vet immediately.Reasonable evidence
- Canine osteoarthritis: what natural options truly help?Canine osteoarthritis: honest overview of evidence for omega-3, green-lipped mussel, curcumin and CBD — each option assessed on scientific proof.Reasonable evidence
- Cat osteoarthritis: what natural options help? Evidence reviewCat osteoarthritis: evidence on natural options like fish oil, green-lipped mussel and CBD. Honest, evidence-based guidance for owners.Weak evidence
- Chronic diarrhoea and IBD in the catChronic diarrhoea and IBD in the cat: causes, diagnosis and treatment options including diet, supplements and when to see a vet.Reasonable evidence
- Chronic intestinal inflammation (IBD) in the dogChronic intestinal inflammation (CE/IBD) in the dog: what the evidence says about diet, probiotics and adjunctive therapy.Reasonable evidence
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in catsHonest overview of what works for CKD in cats: evidence, safety and limits of adjunctive options.Strong evidence
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the dogChronic kidney disease (CKD) in the dog: evidence, dietary adjustment, phosphate restriction and when to see the vet.Strong evidence
- Cognitive dysfunction (dementia) in dogs and catsWhat truly helps cognitive dysfunction (dementia) in dogs or cats? Honest evidence overview of nutraceuticals, MCT oil and antioxidants.Reasonable evidence
- Colic in the horse: an emergencyColic in the horse is an acute abdominal pain condition and the most common emergency presentation in equine veterinary practice.Reasonable evidence
- Constipation (obstipation) in the dogConstipation (obstipation) in the dog: causes, treatment and when to see a vet immediately. Evidence for natural approaches is weak.Weak evidence
- Constipation and megacolon in the catConstipation and megacolon in the cat: causes, evidence for natural approaches (psyllium, wet food), limits of home treatment and when to go directly to the...Weak evidence
- Cushing's (PPID) in the horseCushing's (PPID) in horses: what it is, how it is diagnosed, and the value of adjunct options such as chasteberry.Reasonable evidence
- Cushing's disease in dogs: treatment and evidenceCushing's disease in dogs: what it is, why classic treatment is essential, and why melatonin/lignans are not proven alternatives.Very weak / anecdotal
- Cystitis and stress cystitis (FIC) in catsCystitis and stress cystitis (FIC) in cats: causes, proven approach via environmental enrichment and water intake, and when to see a vet immediately.Reasonable evidence
- Dental problems in rabbits and rodentsDental problems in rabbits and rodents: causes, risk factors, prevention via hay and housing, and when a vet is necessary.Strong evidence
- Diabetes mellitus in catsDiabetes mellitus in cats: causes, treatment with insulin and low-carbohydrate diet, remission chances and when to see a vet immediately.Strong evidence
- Diabetes mellitus in the dogDiabetes mellitus in the dog requires lifelong insulin. Read what a high-fibre diet does contribute and which additional options do not work.Reasonable evidence
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs and grain-free dietsDiet-associated DCM in dogs and grain-free diets: what the evidence says on the link between legume-rich diets and heart muscle disease, including…Reasonable evidence
- Dog teeth and tartar: evidence-based guidePeriodontitis affects 80–84% of dogs over 3 years. Evidence on home care, brushing, chews, and when a vet is essential.Strong evidence
- Dog wound care: what works naturally? A vet guideDog wound care: what works naturally? Flushing, manuka honey and when to see a vet immediately.Weak evidence
- E. cuniculi in rabbits: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatmentE. cuniculi in rabbits: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options including an honest assessment of additional interventions.Reasonable evidence
- Ear infection (otitis externa) in the dogEar infection (otitis externa) in the dog: causes, evidence for natural approaches, red flags and when to see a vet.Reasonable evidence
- Epilepsy and seizures in dogsEpilepsy in dogs: causes, treatment, and the role of adjunct options like CBD oil. Evidence-based explanation for dog owners.Strong evidence
- Excessive grooming (overgrooming) in catsExcessive grooming in cats: causes, evidence for adjunctive approaches and when to see a vet.Weak evidence
- Eye inflammation (conjunctivitis) in the dogEye inflammation (conjunctivitis) in the dog: causes, diagnosis and an honest overview of natural and conventional treatment options.Reasonable evidence
- Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) in dogsFlea allergy dermatitis (FAD) in dogs: causes, evidence for treatment options and when to see a vet.Reasonable evidence
- Gastric ulcers (EGUS) in horsesGastric ulcers (EGUS) in horses: two distinct conditions (ESGD and EGGD) with specific treatments. What is proven to work and what is not.Strong evidence
- GI stasis in rabbits and rodents: a veterinary emergencyGI stasis in rabbits and rodents is a life-threatening emergency. Read what the evidence says about adjunctive options.Insufficiently studied
- Gingivitis and stomatitis in catsGingivitis and stomatitis in cats: causes, treatment options and when to see a vet immediately.Reasonable evidence
- Greasy heel (tail mange/dermatitis) in horsesGreasy heel in horses: causes, treatment and evidence for natural supplements. Honest overview of what works and when a vet is needed.Weak evidence
- Hairballs in cats: natural approachHairballs in cats: what helps, what does not, and when is a vet needed? Evidence-based overview of prevention and management.Weak evidence
- Heart failure and heart disease in dogsHeart disease and heart failure in dogs: what does the evidence say about natural and complementary options such as taurine, omega-3 and CoQ10?Reasonable evidence
- Heat stress in rabbitsHeat stress in rabbits: causes, symptoms, first aid and when to see a vet immediately. Evidence-based guidance for rabbit owners.Weak evidence
- Hip dysplasia in dogs: causes and treatment optionsHip dysplasia in dogs: causes, evidence for natural and supplementary treatments, and when to see a vet.Reasonable evidence
- Hotspots (acute moist dermatitis) in dogs: causes and treatmentHotspots in dogs: causes, evidence for treatment, and when to see a vet. Evidence grade C.Weak evidence
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in catsHCM in cats: causes, diagnosis, treatment and the role of natural/supplementary options based on scientific evidence.Reasonable evidence
- Itching & atopic dermatitis in dogsAtopic dermatitis in dogs: evidence on diet and adjunct options — honest, independent, scientific.Reasonable evidence
- Kennel cough in dogs: causes, symptoms, treatmentKennel cough in dogs: causes, symptoms, treatment and when to see a vet.Reasonable evidence
- Laminitis in horses: causes, evidence and red flagsLaminitis in horses: causes, evidence for diet and cryotherapy, red flags and when to call a vet immediately.Strong evidence
- Liver disease in dogs: supportive substancesLiver disease in dogs: honest overview of silymarin, SAMe and other supportive substances. Evidence grade B, assessed per substance.Reasonable evidence
- Lyme and tick-borne diseases in dogsLyme and tick-borne diseases in dogs: causes, symptoms, proven treatments and role of supportive care. Evidence-based explanation for dog owners.Strong evidence
- Mites and fleas in rabbits and rodentsMites and fleas in rabbits and rodents: evidence, treatment options, dangerous agents (fipronil, tea tree) and when to see a vet.Reasonable evidence
- Natural deworming in dogs: does it work?Do pumpkin seeds and herbs work as dewormers for dogs? An honest overview of evidence, risks and when a vet is needed.Insufficiently studied
- Osteoarthritis & lameness in horses: natural optionsHorse osteoarthritis: honest overview of devil's claw, CBD and laser therapy — evidence, safety and legislation.Weak evidence
- Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) in the catHyperthyroidism in cats: causes, proven treatments (radioactive iodine, methimazole, low-iodine diet), and an honest overview of natural options…Strong evidence
- Overweight and obesity in dogsOverweight in dogs: causes, consequences and what works — evidence-based explanation for dog owners.Strong evidence
- Overweight in rabbits and rodentsOverweight in rabbits and rodents: causes, risk factors, Body Condition Score and honest advice on diet and environment adjustments.Reasonable evidence
- Pancreatitis in dogs: causes, diagnosis, treatment, diet and carePancreatitis in dogs: causes, diagnosis, treatment, and the role of diet and supportive care. An evidence-based overview.Strong evidence
- Respiratory infection (snuffles) in rabbitsSnuffles (upper respiratory infection) in rabbits: causes, evidence for adjunctive approaches, red flags and prevention.Reasonable evidence
- Respiratory issues and asthma (COPD) in horsesRespiratory issues and asthma (COPD) in horses: causes, environmental management and treatment options with strong scientific evidence.Strong evidence
- Ringworm and skin fungus in dogsRingworm in dogs: causes, zoonotic risk, evidence for treatment and when to see a vet.Reasonable evidence
- Struvite bladder stones in cats: diet worksDiet dissolves struvite bladder stones in cats: what the evidence says, when it works and when a vet is needed.Reasonable evidence
- Summer eczema (insect allergy) in horsesSummer eczema in horses: causes, proven treatment options and when a vet is needed.Reasonable evidence
- Tendon and joint injuries in the horseTendon and joint injuries in the horse: causes, diagnosis and adjunctive treatment options such as PRP and stem cell therapy, with honest evidence per option.Reasonable evidence
- Thyroid (hypothyroidism) in the dogHypothyroidism in dogs: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and the only proven treatment (levothyroxine). Honest about the lack of evidence for...No evidence of effect
- Worms and deworming in catsIntestinal parasites in cats: which worms occur, when to deworm, proven effective products and why flea control is essential.Strong evidence
- Worms and deworming in horsesTargeted deworming in horses based on faecal egg counts: what the evidence says about standard treatment, resistance and additional options.Strong evidence
Substances & herbs45 pagesHerbs, supplements and nutraceuticals — efficacy, safety and interactions, substance by substance.
- Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) for canine osteoarthritisWhat does scientific evidence say about omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil for dogs with osteoarthritis? Mechanism, usage considerations and safety.Strong evidence
- Aloe vera in animals: benefits and toxicityAloe vera is toxic to dogs and cats if ingested orally. No evidence of efficacy; anthraquinone glycosides cause vomiting, diarrhoea and organ damage.No evidence of effect
- Apple cider vinegar in animals: does it work? Evidence reviewApple cider vinegar for dogs and cats: what does the evidence say? No clinical studies; possible risks of skin and gastric irritation.No evidence of effect
- Ashwagandha in animals: stress and evidenceAshwagandha in dogs: what does the evidence say about stress, anxiety and ageing? Honest monograph with RCT data and safety information.Reasonable evidence
- Boswellia & curcumin for joint issues (dog)Boswellia and curcumin for joint issues in dogs: what does science say, what are the risks, and when to consult a vet?Reasonable evidence
- Brewer's yeast against fleas: myth checkBrewer's yeast does not work as a flea remedy for dogs and cats—the myth debunked with available scientific evidence.No evidence of effect
- Bromelain in animals: inflammation and digestionBromelain in dogs: what does the evidence say about anti-inflammatory effects and digestion? Honest assessment, weak evidence, safety info.Weak evidence
- Calendula (marigold) for skin and woundsCalendula (marigold) in dogs and cats: topical wound healing and skin care, evidence and safety.Reasonable evidence
- CBD in cats: evidence, safety and pharmacokineticsCBD in cats: evidence, safety and pharmacokinetics — what research says about efficacy, side effects and risks.Weak evidence
- CBD in horses: evidence and dopingCBD in horses: evidence, doping and safety — independent overview for horse owners and vets.Weak evidence
- Chamomile in animals: calming and skinChamomile in dogs and cats: claims, risks and what the evidence does (not) say about calming and skin.Very weak / anecdotal
- Co-enzyme Q10 in animals: heart and energyCo-enzyme Q10 in dogs: role in heart and energy, evidence from RCTs in MMVD, safety and interactions.Reasonable evidence
- Coconut oil in animals: hype versus evidenceCoconut oil for dogs and cats: what does the evidence say? Popular supplement, but no clinical proof for skin, coat or immune system. Read the risks.Very weak / anecdotal
- Collagen and cartilage supplements in animalsCollagen and cartilage supplements in dogs: evidence, mechanism and safety in osteoarthritis and joint problems.Reasonable evidence
- Cranberry for urinary tract issues in dogs and catsCranberry for urinary tract issues in dogs and cats: mechanism of action, evidence and safety.Insufficiently studied
- D-mannose for urinary tract infections in animalsD-mannose for urinary tract infections in dogs and cats: what it is, how it works and what the evidence says.Insufficiently studied
- Dandelion in animals: liver and urinary tractDandelion for dogs and cats: liver and urinary support — what the evidence says on safety and efficacy.Weak evidence
- Devil's claw for joint complaints (dog and horse)Devil's claw (Harpagophytum) for joint complaints in dogs and horses: evidence, safety and legal framework.Weak evidence
- Echinacea and the immune system in animalsEchinacea for dogs: what science says about immune stimulation, safety and the limits of the evidence.Weak evidence
- Evening primrose oil (GLA) for skin complaintsEvening primrose oil (GLA) for skin complaints in dogs and cats: efficacy, evidence and safety.Reasonable evidence
- Flaxseed and flaxseed oil in animalsFlaxseed and flaxseed oil for dogs and horses: omega-3 source, evidence, safety and limits of ALA conversion.Reasonable evidence
- Ginger for nausea and vomiting (dog)Ginger in dogs: honest evidence overview (grade C), safety and interactions for nausea and vomiting.Weak evidence
- Glucosamine and chondroitin for osteoarthritis: the evidenceGlucosamine and chondroitin for osteoarthritis in dogs and cats: what does the scientific evidence say?No evidence of effect
- Green-lipped mussel for osteoarthritisGreen-lipped mussel for osteoarthritis in dogs and cats: evidence (grade B), safety and practical use. Independent and scientifically substantiated.Reasonable evidence
- Hemp seed oil in animals (not the same as CBD)Hemp seed oil for dogs and cats: omega fatty acids, no THC or CBD, honest evidence (grade C) and safety advice.Weak evidence
- Krill oil in animals versus fish oilKrill oil in dogs and cats compared with fish oil: efficacy, evidence, safety and interactions based on animal studies.Weak evidence
- L-theanine and alpha-casozepine for anxiety in dogs and catsL-theanine and alpha-casozepine for anxiety in dogs and cats: what does research say about efficacy and safety?Weak evidence
- Manuka honey for animal wounds: evidence and safetyManuka honey for animal wounds: evidence, safety and use in dogs, cats and horses.Reasonable evidence
- Melatonin in animals: sleep, behaviour and coatMelatonin in dogs and cats: what does the evidence say about sleep, behaviour and coat recovery? Honest discussion of indications, safety and limitations.Weak evidence
- MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) for joint complaints in dogs and horsesMSM (methylsulfonylmethane) for joint complaints in dogs and horses: what it is, what the science says and when to consult a vet.Weak evidence
- Nettle in animals: allergy and jointsNettle in dogs and horses: anti-inflammatory potential from animal models, but clinical evidence is lacking. Fresh plant is dangerous.Weak evidence
- Probiotics for diarrhoea and gut health (dog)Evidence-based overview of probiotics for acute diarrhoea in dogs: evidence, safety and when to see a vet.Reasonable evidence
- Propolis in animals: immune and woundsPropolis in dogs and cats: what it is, how it works and what the evidence says about wound healing and immune support.Weak evidence
- Psyllium and fibre in animals (incl. sand colic horse)Psyllium is a soluble fibre used in horses for sand colic and in dogs for bowel regulation. Evidence: moderate (grade B).Reasonable evidence
- Pumpkin seeds against worms: do they work? (NL context)Pumpkin seeds as a dewormer for dogs and cats: what does the evidence say? Cucurbitin shows lab results, but clinical studies are entirely lacking.Very weak / anecdotal
- Quercetin for animal allergy and itchingQuercetin for itching and allergy in dogs and cats: laboratory effects shown, clinical evidence in live animals entirely lacking.Very weak / anecdotal
- SAMe & silybin for liver support in animalsSAMe and silybin (milk thistle) for liver problems in dogs and cats: evidence, safety and what you need to know.Reasonable evidence
- Seaweed and kelp in animals: benefits and risksSeaweed and kelp as supplements for dogs and cats: what science says about efficacy, iodine risks and contamination.Insufficiently studied
- Silymarin (milk thistle) for liver support in animalsSilymarin (milk thistle) for liver support in dogs and cats: evidence, safety and when a vet is required.Weak evidence
- Spirulina in animalsSpirulina in dogs and cats: what the evidence says on immune function, gut microbiota stability and safety risks of contaminated products.Weak evidence
- St John's wort in animals: interactions and phototoxicitySt John's wort in dogs and cats: ASPCA toxic, phototoxicity and serious drug interactions via CYP3A4 induction.No evidence of effect
- Taurine in animals: heart and catsTaurine is strictly essential for cats and semi-essential for dogs. Deficiency causes heart disease, blindness and reproductive disorders.Strong evidence
- Turmeric (curcumin) in animalsTurmeric (curcumin) in dogs and cats: what the evidence says on efficacy, safety and interactions for joint complaints and inflammation.Weak evidence
- Valerian for calming in dogs and catsValerian as a calming herb for dogs and cats: what does research say, how safe is it, and when to consult a vet?Insufficiently studied
- Yucca for joint complaints in animalsYucca schidigera for joint complaints in dogs and horses: active substances, evidence (grade D), safety and when to see a vet.Very weak / anecdotal
By species4 pagesWhat differs by species in dogs, cats, rabbits and rodents, and horses.
- Natural care for dogs: overviewOverview of natural and supplementary care for dogs: what works, what is safe and what the law states.
- Natural care for horses: overviewOverview of natural and supplementary care for horses: species-specific safety, evidence per modality, and legal framework in the Netherlands.
- Natural care for rabbits and rodentsOverview of natural and supplementary care for rabbits and rodents: species-specific risks, pitfalls and safety considerations per modality.
- Natural cat care: overview & pitfallsOverview of natural and supplementary care for cats: what is safe, what science says, and species-specific pitfalls.
Safety & toxicology25 pagesToxic substances, risks and red flags — when to call the vet immediately.
- Tea tree oil (melaleuca): toxic to dogs and catsTea tree oil (melaleuca) is toxic to dogs and cats, especially undiluted. Symptoms of poisoning, risks and immediate actions required.Strong evidence
- Alcohol: toxic to animalsAlcohol is toxic to dogs and cats: symptoms, sources and what to do in case of poisoning.Reasonable evidence
- Antifreeze (ethylene glycol): fatally toxic to animalsAntifreeze (ethylene glycol) is fatally toxic to dogs and cats. Even small amounts cause acute kidney failure. EMERGENCY: go to the vet immediately.Strong evidence
- Avocado in animals: which species are at risk?Avocado is toxic to birds and rabbits due to persin; dogs are mainly at risk from the pit. Read which species are at risk and what the symptoms are.Reasonable evidence
- Caffeine and coffee: toxic to animalsCaffeine is toxic to dogs and cats. Discover symptoms, dangerous sources and what to do in case of poisoning.Reasonable evidence
- Chocolate (theobromine): toxic for dogsChocolate is toxic to dogs due to theobromine. Learn the symptoms, risk factors and when to go to the vet immediately.Strong evidence
- Essential oils: toxic to catsEssential oils are severely toxic to cats — even in small amounts and via skin contact or inhalation.Reasonable evidence
- Garlic for fleas: myth and dangerGarlic is toxic to dogs and cats and does not repel fleas. Learn the risks, poisoning symptoms and when to see a vet immediately.Strong evidence
- Garlic, onion and Allium: toxic to dogs and catsGarlic and onion are toxic to dogs and cats: organosulphur compounds damage red blood cells. Risks, symptoms and immediate actions.Strong evidence
- Grapes and raisins: toxic to dogsGrapes and raisins can cause severe kidney failure in dogs. Why they are toxic, which symptoms occur and what to do immediately.Reasonable evidence
- Herb and supplement-drug interactions in animalsHerbs and supplements can dangerously affect medicines in animals. Read about CBD interactions, liver risks and what to do in case of poisoning.Reasonable evidence
- Human medicines (paracetamol/ibuprofen): toxic to animalsParacetamol and ibuprofen are highly toxic to dogs and cats — even one tablet can be fatal. Read about symptoms, risks and what to do.Strong evidence
- Lilies: life-threateningly toxic to catsLilies are life-threateningly toxic to cats: all plant parts, including pollen and vase water, can cause acute kidney failure.Strong evidence
- Macadamia nuts: toxic to dogsMacadamia nuts are toxic to dogs. Read about symptoms, onset time and what to do in case of poisoning.Reasonable evidence
- Natural flea and tick control in dogs: risks and lack of evidenceNatural flea and tick control for dogs seems attractive, but agents like tea tree oil and garlic are toxic and lack proven efficacy.No evidence of effect
- Raw dough and yeast: dangerous for dogsRaw yeast dough is toxic to dogs: fermentation causes alcohol poisoning and gastric distension with risk of life-threatening GDV.Reasonable evidence
- Raw feeding (BARF) in dogs and cats: risks and evidenceRaw feeding (BARF) in dogs and cats: risks of bacteria, nutritional imbalance and bone obstructions based on scientific evidence.Reasonable evidence
- Salt poisoning in animalsSalt poisoning in dogs and cats: causes, symptoms of hypernatraemia and what to do if ingestion is suspected.Reasonable evidence
- Supplements: quality, contamination and heavy metalsSupplements may contain lead, nickel and arsenic. What this means for your animal and when to see a vet immediately.Reasonable evidence
- Toxic house and garden plants for petsOverview of toxic house and garden plants for dogs and cats: which plants are dangerous, why, symptoms of poisoning and what to do.Strong evidence
- Treatment delay: the greatest riskDelaying conventional treatment is the greatest safety risk in complementary veterinary medicine. What the science says.Weak evidence
- Vitamin A overdose in cats (excess liver)Vitamin A overdose in cats from excess liver: symptoms, skeletal damage and what to do in hypervitaminosis A.Strong evidence
- Vitamin D overdose in animalsVitamin D overdose is dangerous for dogs and cats and can lead to hypercalcaemia, organ failure and death.Strong evidence
- Xylitol (birch sugar): toxic to dogsXylitol is highly toxic to dogs: even small amounts cause hypoglycaemia and liver failure. What the science says and what to do if ingested.Strong evidence
- Yew (Taxus): lethal poison for horsesYew (Taxus) is lethal to horses: even small amounts of needles or branches can cause cardiac arrest within hours. There is no...Strong evidence
Legal framework (Netherlands)5 pagesWhat is and is not allowed under Dutch law: veterinary medicines, health claims, who may treat an animal.
- CBD for animals: is it legal in the Netherlands? Rules explainedIs CBD for dogs, cats or horses legal in the Netherlands? Clear explanation of rules, supervision and what a vet may prescribe.
- Health claims on pet food: what is allowed? UK & EU rules explainedWhich health claims are permitted on pet food and supplements? Explanation of Dutch and EU regulations, NVWA supervision, and consumer guidance for pet owners.
- Homeopathic veterinary medicines: registration ≠ proofRegistration of homeopathic veterinary medicines requires no proof of efficacy. What the law does and does not guarantee.
- Veterinary medicine or supplement? The differenceWhat is the legal difference between a veterinary medicine and an animal supplement? EU regulations and Dutch law explained for pet owners.
- Who may treat my animal? (Dutch law)Who may treat your animal in the Netherlands? Explanation of the Animals Act, reserved procedures and the position of alternative therapists.
Glossary1 pageThe technical terms used in this wiki, explained in plain language.